diff --git a/openapi_core/__init__.py b/openapi_core/__init__.py
index a928bf34..4077a20c 100644
--- a/openapi_core/__init__.py
+++ b/openapi_core/__init__.py
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 from openapi_core.shortcuts import validate_response
 from openapi_core.shortcuts import validate_webhook_request
 from openapi_core.shortcuts import validate_webhook_response
-from openapi_core.spec.paths import Spec
 from openapi_core.unmarshalling.request import V3RequestUnmarshaller
 from openapi_core.unmarshalling.request import V3WebhookRequestUnmarshaller
 from openapi_core.unmarshalling.request import V30RequestUnmarshaller
@@ -45,7 +44,6 @@
 __all__ = [
     "OpenAPI",
     "Config",
-    "Spec",
     "unmarshal_request",
     "unmarshal_response",
     "unmarshal_apicall_request",
diff --git a/openapi_core/app.py b/openapi_core/app.py
index fcba771c..b239c08b 100644
--- a/openapi_core/app.py
+++ b/openapi_core/app.py
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ def from_file(
 
     def _get_version(self) -> SpecVersion:
         try:
-            return get_spec_version(self.spec.contents())
+            return get_spec_version(self.spec.read_value())
         # backward compatibility
         except OpenAPIVersionNotFound:
             raise SpecError("Spec schema version not detected")
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ def check_spec(self) -> None:
 
         try:
             validate(
-                self.spec.contents(),
+                self.spec.read_value(),
                 base_uri=self.config.spec_base_uri
                 or self.spec.accessor.resolver._base_uri,  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
                 cls=cls,
diff --git a/openapi_core/casting/schemas/casters.py b/openapi_core/casting/schemas/casters.py
index 76737ab0..27e78e54 100644
--- a/openapi_core/casting/schemas/casters.py
+++ b/openapi_core/casting/schemas/casters.py
@@ -132,9 +132,7 @@ def _cast_proparties(
         if schema_only:
             return value
 
-        additional_properties = self.schema.getkey(
-            "additionalProperties", True
-        )
+        additional_properties = self.schema.get("additionalProperties", True)
         if additional_properties is not False:
             # free-form object
             if additional_properties is True:
@@ -199,11 +197,12 @@ def __init__(
 
     def cast(self, value: Any) -> Any:
         # skip casting for nullable in OpenAPI 3.0
-        if value is None and self.schema.getkey("nullable", False):
+        if value is None and (self.schema / "nullable").read_bool(
+            default=False
+        ):
             return value
 
-        schema_type = self.schema.getkey("type")
-
+        schema_type = (self.schema / "type").read_str(None)
         type_caster = self.get_type_caster(schema_type)
 
         if value is None:
@@ -211,8 +210,8 @@ def cast(self, value: Any) -> Any:
 
         try:
             return type_caster(value)
-        except (ValueError, TypeError):
-            raise CastError(value, schema_type)
+        except (ValueError, TypeError) as exc:
+            raise CastError(value, schema_type) from exc
 
     def get_type_caster(
         self,
diff --git a/openapi_core/casting/schemas/exceptions.py b/openapi_core/casting/schemas/exceptions.py
index 6e9749c0..de0f800c 100644
--- a/openapi_core/casting/schemas/exceptions.py
+++ b/openapi_core/casting/schemas/exceptions.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ class CastError(DeserializeError):
     """Schema cast operation error"""
 
     value: Any
-    type: str
+    type: str | None
 
     def __str__(self) -> str:
         return f"Failed to cast value to {self.type} type: {self.value}"
diff --git a/openapi_core/deserializing/media_types/deserializers.py b/openapi_core/deserializing/media_types/deserializers.py
index d131a757..9d03f187 100644
--- a/openapi_core/deserializing/media_types/deserializers.py
+++ b/openapi_core/deserializing/media_types/deserializers.py
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ def decode_property_content_type(
             prop_schema,
             mimetype=prop_content_type,
         )
-        prop_schema_type = prop_schema.getkey("type", "")
+        prop_schema_type = (prop_schema / "type").read_str("")
         if (
             self.mimetype.startswith("multipart")
             and prop_schema_type == "array"
diff --git a/openapi_core/deserializing/styles/casters.py b/openapi_core/deserializing/styles/casters.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..698101df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/openapi_core/deserializing/styles/casters.py
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+from typing import Any
+
+from jsonschema_path import SchemaPath
+
+from openapi_core.util import forcebool
+
+
+def cast_primitive(value: Any, schema: SchemaPath) -> Any:
+    """Cast a primitive value based on schema type."""
+    schema_type = (schema / "type").read_str("")
+
+    if schema_type == "integer":
+        return int(value)
+    elif schema_type == "number":
+        return float(value)
+    elif schema_type == "boolean":
+        return forcebool(value)
+
+    return value
+
+
+def cast_value(value: Any, schema: SchemaPath, cast: bool) -> Any:
+    """Recursively cast a value based on schema."""
+    if not cast:
+        return value
+
+    schema_type = (schema / "type").read_str("")
+
+    # Handle arrays
+    if schema_type == "array":
+        if not isinstance(value, list):
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Expected list for array type, got {type(value)}"
+            )
+        items_schema = schema.get("items", SchemaPath.from_dict({}))
+        return [cast_value(item, items_schema, cast) for item in value]
+
+    # Handle objects
+    if schema_type == "object":
+        if not isinstance(value, dict):
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Expected dict for object type, got {type(value)}"
+            )
+        properties = schema.get("properties", SchemaPath.from_dict({}))
+        result = {}
+        for key, val in value.items():
+            if key in properties:
+                prop_schema = schema / "properties" / key
+                result[key] = cast_value(val, prop_schema, cast)
+            else:
+                result[key] = val
+        return result
+
+    # Handle primitives
+    return cast_primitive(value, schema)
diff --git a/openapi_core/deserializing/styles/deserializers.py b/openapi_core/deserializing/styles/deserializers.py
index 67770147..1e5f16a3 100644
--- a/openapi_core/deserializing/styles/deserializers.py
+++ b/openapi_core/deserializing/styles/deserializers.py
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ def __init__(
         self.explode = explode
         self.name = name
         self.schema = schema
-        self.schema_type = schema.getkey("type", "")
+        self.schema_type = (schema / "type").read_str("")
         self.caster = caster
         self.deserializer_callable = deserializer_callable
 
diff --git a/openapi_core/extensions/models/factories.py b/openapi_core/extensions/models/factories.py
index 0f33b3cf..9f25f04d 100644
--- a/openapi_core/extensions/models/factories.py
+++ b/openapi_core/extensions/models/factories.py
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ def create(
         schema: SchemaPath,
         fields: Iterable[Field],
     ) -> Type[Any]:
-        name = schema.getkey("x-model")
+        name = (schema / "x-model").read_str(None)
         if name is None:
             return super().create(schema, fields)
 
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ def create(
         schema: SchemaPath,
         fields: Iterable[Field],
     ) -> Any:
-        model_class_path = schema.getkey("x-model-path")
+        model_class_path = (schema / "x-model-path").read_str(None)
         if model_class_path is None:
             return super().create(schema, fields)
 
diff --git a/openapi_core/schema/encodings.py b/openapi_core/schema/encodings.py
index 2dd3d9fa..b78c1a6a 100644
--- a/openapi_core/schema/encodings.py
+++ b/openapi_core/schema/encodings.py
@@ -22,11 +22,11 @@ def get_default_content_type(
     if prop_schema is None:
         return "text/plain"
 
-    prop_type = prop_schema.getkey("type")
+    prop_type = (prop_schema / "type").read_str(None)
     if prop_type is None:
         return "text/plain" if encoding else "application/octet-stream"
 
-    prop_format = prop_schema.getkey("format")
+    prop_format = (prop_schema / "format").read_str(None)
     if prop_type == "string" and prop_format in ["binary", "base64"]:
         return "application/octet-stream"
 
diff --git a/openapi_core/schema/parameters.py b/openapi_core/schema/parameters.py
index 967e53f3..e9f1debd 100644
--- a/openapi_core/schema/parameters.py
+++ b/openapi_core/schema/parameters.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ def get_style(
         assert isinstance(param_or_header["style"], str)
         return param_or_header["style"]
 
-    location = param_or_header.getkey("in", default_location)
+    location = (param_or_header / "in").read_str(default=default_location)
 
     # determine default
     return "simple" if location in ["path", "header"] else "form"
diff --git a/openapi_core/schema/schemas.py b/openapi_core/schema/schemas.py
index 7ddb6b17..cab9d5b8 100644
--- a/openapi_core/schema/schemas.py
+++ b/openapi_core/schema/schemas.py
@@ -5,6 +5,6 @@
 
 
 def get_properties(schema: SchemaPath) -> Dict[str, Any]:
-    properties = schema.get("properties", {})
+    properties = schema.get("properties", SchemaPath.from_dict({}))
     properties_dict = dict(list(properties.items()))
     return properties_dict
diff --git a/openapi_core/schema/servers.py b/openapi_core/schema/servers.py
index 249c30bc..e9a293c7 100644
--- a/openapi_core/schema/servers.py
+++ b/openapi_core/schema/servers.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ def get_server_default_variables(server: SchemaPath) -> Dict[str, Any]:
 
     defaults = {}
     variables = server / "variables"
-    for name, variable in list(variables.items()):
+    for name, variable in list(variables.str_items()):
         defaults[name] = variable["default"]
     return defaults
 
diff --git a/openapi_core/security/factories.py b/openapi_core/security/factories.py
index 3ab9b79b..a85a004d 100644
--- a/openapi_core/security/factories.py
+++ b/openapi_core/security/factories.py
@@ -19,6 +19,6 @@ class SecurityProviderFactory:
     }
 
     def create(self, scheme: SchemaPath) -> Any:
-        scheme_type = scheme["type"]
+        scheme_type = (scheme / "type").read_str()
         provider_class = self.PROVIDERS[scheme_type]
         return provider_class(scheme)
diff --git a/openapi_core/security/providers.py b/openapi_core/security/providers.py
index 531feec3..f75ba663 100644
--- a/openapi_core/security/providers.py
+++ b/openapi_core/security/providers.py
@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ def __call__(self, parameters: RequestParameters) -> Any:
 
 class ApiKeyProvider(BaseProvider):
     def __call__(self, parameters: RequestParameters) -> Any:
-        name = self.scheme["name"]
-        location = self.scheme["in"]
+        name = (self.scheme / "name").read_str()
+        location = (self.scheme / "in").read_str()
         source = getattr(parameters, location)
         if name not in source:
             raise SecurityProviderError("Missing api key parameter.")
diff --git a/openapi_core/spec/__init__.py b/openapi_core/spec/__init__.py
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29b..00000000
diff --git a/openapi_core/spec/paths.py b/openapi_core/spec/paths.py
deleted file mode 100644
index a1846ee0..00000000
--- a/openapi_core/spec/paths.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-import warnings
-from typing import Any
-
-from jsonschema_path import SchemaPath
-
-
-class Spec(SchemaPath):
-    def __init__(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any):
-        warnings.warn(
-            "Spec is deprecated. Use SchemaPath from jsonschema-path package.",
-            DeprecationWarning,
-        )
-        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
diff --git a/openapi_core/templating/media_types/finders.py b/openapi_core/templating/media_types/finders.py
index 1be2a022..6fd0fd03 100644
--- a/openapi_core/templating/media_types/finders.py
+++ b/openapi_core/templating/media_types/finders.py
@@ -32,11 +32,11 @@ def find(self, mimetype: str) -> MediaType:
 
         # range mime type
         if mime_type:
-            for key, value in self.content.items():
+            for key, value in self.content.str_items():
                 if fnmatch.fnmatch(mime_type, key):
                     return MediaType(key, parameters, value)
 
-        raise MediaTypeNotFound(mimetype, list(self.content.keys()))
+        raise MediaTypeNotFound(mimetype, list(self.content.str_keys()))
 
     def _parse_mimetype(self, mimetype: str) -> Tuple[str, Mapping[str, str]]:
         mimetype_parts = mimetype.split(";")
diff --git a/openapi_core/templating/paths/iterators.py b/openapi_core/templating/paths/iterators.py
index 66ee94ff..5c1dd2fb 100644
--- a/openapi_core/templating/paths/iterators.py
+++ b/openapi_core/templating/paths/iterators.py
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ def __call__(
         paths = spec / self.paths_part
         if not paths.exists():
             raise PathsNotFound(paths.as_uri())
-        for path_name, path in list(paths.items()):
+        for path_name, path in list(paths.str_items()):
             if name == path_name:
                 path_result = TemplateResult(path_name, {})
                 yield Path(path, path_result)
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ def __call__(
         if not paths.exists():
             raise PathsNotFound(paths.as_uri())
         template_paths: List[Path] = []
-        for path_pattern, path in list(paths.items()):
+        for path_pattern, path in list(paths.str_items()):
             # simple path.
             # Return right away since it is always the most concrete
             if name.endswith(path_pattern):
diff --git a/openapi_core/templating/responses/finders.py b/openapi_core/templating/responses/finders.py
index b05cda91..a49d37fa 100644
--- a/openapi_core/templating/responses/finders.py
+++ b/openapi_core/templating/responses/finders.py
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ def find(self, http_status: str = "default") -> SchemaPath:
             return self.responses / http_status_range
 
         if "default" not in self.responses:
-            raise ResponseNotFound(http_status, list(self.responses.keys()))
+            raise ResponseNotFound(
+                http_status, list(self.responses.str_keys())
+            )
 
         return self.responses / "default"
diff --git a/openapi_core/unmarshalling/schemas/factories.py b/openapi_core/unmarshalling/schemas/factories.py
index 6472cab5..4c223a50 100644
--- a/openapi_core/unmarshalling/schemas/factories.py
+++ b/openapi_core/unmarshalling/schemas/factories.py
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ def create(
         if schema is None:
             raise TypeError("Invalid schema")
 
-        if schema.getkey("deprecated", False):
+        if (schema / "deprecated").read_bool(default=False):
             warnings.warn("The schema is deprecated", DeprecationWarning)
 
         if extra_format_validators is None:
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ def create(
             extra_format_validators=extra_format_validators,
         )
 
-        schema_format = schema.getkey("format")
+        schema_format = (schema / "format").read_str(None)
 
         formats_unmarshaller = FormatsUnmarshaller(
             format_unmarshallers or self.format_unmarshallers,
diff --git a/openapi_core/unmarshalling/schemas/unmarshallers.py b/openapi_core/unmarshalling/schemas/unmarshallers.py
index 1df9ed09..38f3409f 100644
--- a/openapi_core/unmarshalling/schemas/unmarshallers.py
+++ b/openapi_core/unmarshalling/schemas/unmarshallers.py
@@ -109,9 +109,7 @@ def _unmarshal_properties(
         if schema_only:
             return properties
 
-        additional_properties = self.schema.getkey(
-            "additionalProperties", True
-        )
+        additional_properties = self.schema.get("additionalProperties", True)
         if additional_properties is not False:
             # free-form object
             if additional_properties is True:
@@ -244,10 +242,12 @@ def unmarshal(self, value: Any) -> Any:
         self.schema_validator.validate(value)
 
         # skip unmarshalling for nullable in OpenAPI 3.0
-        if value is None and self.schema.getkey("nullable", False):
+        if value is None and (self.schema / "nullable").read_bool(
+            default=False
+        ):
             return value
 
-        schema_type = self.schema.getkey("type")
+        schema_type = (self.schema / "type").read_str_or_list(None)
         type_unmarshaller = self.get_type_unmarshaller(schema_type)
         typed = type_unmarshaller(value)
         # skip finding format for None
@@ -307,5 +307,5 @@ def find_format(self, value: Any) -> Optional[str]:
             if primitive_type != "string":
                 continue
             if "format" in schema:
-                return str(schema.getkey("format"))
+                return (schema / "format").read_str()
         return None
diff --git a/openapi_core/validation/request/exceptions.py b/openapi_core/validation/request/exceptions.py
index eb27a5c3..95b35805 100644
--- a/openapi_core/validation/request/exceptions.py
+++ b/openapi_core/validation/request/exceptions.py
@@ -49,7 +49,9 @@ class ParameterValidationError(RequestValidationError):
 
     @classmethod
     def from_spec(cls, spec: SchemaPath) -> "ParameterValidationError":
-        return cls(spec["name"], spec["in"])
+        name = (spec / "name").read_str()
+        location = (spec / "in").read_str()
+        return cls(name, location)
 
     def __str__(self) -> str:
         return f"{self.location.title()} parameter error: {self.name}"
diff --git a/openapi_core/validation/request/validators.py b/openapi_core/validation/request/validators.py
index 1e3e0421..3be5cf6b 100644
--- a/openapi_core/validation/request/validators.py
+++ b/openapi_core/validation/request/validators.py
@@ -153,16 +153,20 @@ def _get_parameters(
         operation: SchemaPath,
         path: SchemaPath,
     ) -> Parameters:
-        operation_params = operation.get("parameters", [])
-        path_params = path.get("parameters", [])
+        operation_params: SchemaPath = operation.get(
+            "parameters", SchemaPath.from_dict({})
+        )
+        path_params: SchemaPath = path.get(
+            "parameters", SchemaPath.from_dict({})
+        )
 
         errors = []
         seen = set()
         validated = Parameters()
         params_iter = chainiters(operation_params, path_params)
         for param in params_iter:
-            param_name = param["name"]
-            param_location = param["in"]
+            param_name = (param / "name").read_str()
+            param_location = (param / "in").read_str()
             if (param_name, param_location) in seen:
                 # skip parameter already seen
                 # e.g. overriden path item paremeter on operation
@@ -193,22 +197,21 @@ def _get_parameters(
     def _get_parameter(
         self, parameters: RequestParameters, param: SchemaPath
     ) -> Any:
-        name = param["name"]
-        deprecated = param.getkey("deprecated", False)
+        name = (param / "name").read_str()
+        deprecated = (param / "deprecated").read_bool(default=False)
         if deprecated:
             warnings.warn(
                 f"{name} parameter is deprecated",
                 DeprecationWarning,
             )
 
-        param_location = param["in"]
+        param_location = (param / "in").read_str()
         location = parameters[param_location]
 
         try:
             value, _ = self._get_param_or_header_and_schema(param, location)
         except KeyError:
-            required = param.getkey("required", False)
-            if required:
+            if (param / "required").read_bool(default=False):
                 raise MissingRequiredParameter(name, param_location)
             raise MissingParameter(name, param_location)
         else:
@@ -230,7 +233,7 @@ def _get_security(
         schemes = []
         for security_requirement in security:
             try:
-                scheme_names = list(security_requirement.keys())
+                scheme_names = list(security_requirement.str_keys())
                 schemes.append(scheme_names)
                 return {
                     scheme_name: self._get_security_value(
@@ -272,7 +275,7 @@ def _get_body_value(
         self, body: Optional[bytes], request_body: SchemaPath
     ) -> bytes:
         if not body:
-            if request_body.getkey("required", False):
+            if (request_body / "required").read_bool(default=False):
                 raise MissingRequiredRequestBody
             raise MissingRequestBody
         return body
diff --git a/openapi_core/validation/response/validators.py b/openapi_core/validation/response/validators.py
index b600d996..8c4a9bd9 100644
--- a/openapi_core/validation/response/validators.py
+++ b/openapi_core/validation/response/validators.py
@@ -147,11 +147,9 @@ def _get_headers(
         if "headers" not in operation_response:
             return {}
 
-        response_headers = operation_response / "headers"
-
         errors: List[OpenAPIError] = []
         validated: Dict[str, Any] = {}
-        for name, header in list(response_headers.items()):
+        for name, header in (operation_response / "headers").str_items():
             # ignore Content-Type header
             if name.lower() == "content-type":
                 continue
@@ -174,7 +172,7 @@ def _get_headers(
     def _get_header(
         self, headers: Mapping[str, Any], name: str, header: SchemaPath
     ) -> Any:
-        deprecated = header.getkey("deprecated", False)
+        deprecated = (header / "deprecated").read_bool(default=False)
         if deprecated:
             warnings.warn(
                 f"{name} header is deprecated",
@@ -186,7 +184,7 @@ def _get_header(
                 header, headers, name=name
             )
         except KeyError:
-            required = header.getkey("required", False)
+            required = (header / "required").read_bool(default=False)
             if required:
                 raise MissingRequiredHeader(name)
             raise MissingHeader(name)
diff --git a/openapi_core/validation/schemas/exceptions.py b/openapi_core/validation/schemas/exceptions.py
index 437a273c..b3324169 100644
--- a/openapi_core/validation/schemas/exceptions.py
+++ b/openapi_core/validation/schemas/exceptions.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ class InvalidSchemaValue(ValidateError):
     """Value not valid for schema"""
 
     value: str
-    type: str
+    type: str | list[str]
     schema_errors: Iterable[Exception] = field(default_factory=list)
 
     def __str__(self) -> str:
diff --git a/openapi_core/validation/schemas/validators.py b/openapi_core/validation/schemas/validators.py
index 26b3bcc3..a82e1c60 100644
--- a/openapi_core/validation/schemas/validators.py
+++ b/openapi_core/validation/schemas/validators.py
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ def validate(self, value: Any) -> None:
         errors_iter = self.validator.iter_errors(value)
         errors = tuple(errors_iter)
         if errors:
-            schema_type = self.schema.getkey("type", "any")
+            schema_type = (self.schema / "type").read_str_or_list("any")
             raise InvalidSchemaValue(value, schema_type, schema_errors=errors)
 
     def evolve(self, schema: SchemaPath) -> "SchemaValidator":
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ def format_validator(self, value: Any) -> bool:
     def get_type_validator_callable(
         self, type_override: Optional[str] = None
     ) -> FormatValidator:
-        schema_type = type_override or self.schema.getkey("type")
+        schema_type = type_override or (self.schema / "type").read_str(None)
         if schema_type in self.validator.TYPE_CHECKER._type_checkers:
             return partial(
                 self.validator.TYPE_CHECKER.is_type, type=schema_type
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ def get_type_validator_callable(
 
     @cached_property
     def format_validator_callable(self) -> FormatValidator:
-        schema_format = self.schema.getkey("format")
+        schema_format = (self.schema / "format").read_str(None)
         if schema_format in self.validator.format_checker.checkers:
             return partial(
                 self.validator.format_checker.check, format=schema_format
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ def format_validator_callable(self) -> FormatValidator:
         return lambda x: True
 
     def get_primitive_type(self, value: Any) -> Optional[str]:
-        schema_types = self.schema.getkey("type")
+        schema_types = (self.schema / "type").read_str_or_list(None)
         if isinstance(schema_types, str):
             return schema_types
         if schema_types is None:
diff --git a/openapi_core/validation/validators.py b/openapi_core/validation/validators.py
index d463bc11..cfa9e076 100644
--- a/openapi_core/validation/validators.py
+++ b/openapi_core/validation/validators.py
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ def _deserialise_style(
         location: Mapping[str, Any],
         name: Optional[str] = None,
     ) -> Any:
-        name = name or param_or_header["name"]
+        name = name or (param_or_header / "name").read_str()
         style, explode = get_style_and_explode(param_or_header)
         schema = param_or_header / "schema"
         deserializer = self.style_deserializers_factory.create(
@@ -202,7 +202,9 @@ def _get_simple_param_or_header(
         location: Mapping[str, Any],
         name: Optional[str] = None,
     ) -> Tuple[Any, SchemaPath]:
-        allow_empty_values = param_or_header.getkey("allowEmptyValue")
+        allow_empty_values = (param_or_header / "allowEmptyValue").read_bool(
+            default=None
+        )
         if allow_empty_values:
             warnings.warn(
                 "Use of allowEmptyValue property is deprecated",
@@ -225,13 +227,13 @@ def _get_simple_param_or_header(
             )
         if allow_empty_values is None or not allow_empty_values:
             # if "in" not defined then it's a Header
-            location_name = param_or_header.getkey("in", "header")
+            location_name = (param_or_header / "in").read_str("header")
             if (
                 location_name == "query"
                 and deserialised == ""
                 and not allow_empty_values
             ):
-                param_or_header_name = param_or_header["name"]
+                param_or_header_name = (param_or_header / "name").read_str()
                 raise EmptyQueryParameterValue(param_or_header_name)
         return deserialised, schema
 
@@ -283,7 +285,7 @@ def _get_media_type_value(
         location: Mapping[str, Any],
         name: Optional[str] = None,
     ) -> Any:
-        name = name or param_or_header["name"]
+        name = name or (param_or_header / "name").read_str()
         return location[name]
 
 
diff --git a/poetry.lock b/poetry.lock
index 95249e13..3242c2d8 100644
--- a/poetry.lock
+++ b/poetry.lock
@@ -236,6 +236,19 @@ doc = ["Sphinx", "packaging", "sphinx-autodoc-typehints (>=1.2.0)", "sphinx-rtd-
 test = ["anyio[trio]", "coverage[toml] (>=4.5)", "hypothesis (>=4.0)", "mock (>=4) ; python_version < \"3.8\"", "psutil (>=5.9)", "pytest (>=7.0)", "pytest-mock (>=3.6.1)", "trustme", "uvloop (>=0.17) ; python_version < \"3.12\" and platform_python_implementation == \"CPython\" and platform_system != \"Windows\""]
 trio = ["trio (<0.22)"]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "appnope"
+version = "0.1.4"
+description = "Disable App Nap on macOS >= 10.9"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.6"
+groups = ["dev"]
+markers = "platform_system == \"Darwin\""
+files = [
+    {file = "appnope-0.1.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:502575ee11cd7a28c0205f379b525beefebab9d161b7c964670864014ed7213c"},
+    {file = "appnope-0.1.4.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:1de3860566df9caf38f01f86f65e0e13e379af54f9e4bee1e66b48f2efffd1ee"},
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "asgiref"
 version = "3.7.2"
@@ -255,6 +268,22 @@ typing-extensions = {version = ">=4", markers = "python_version < \"3.11\""}
 [package.extras]
 tests = ["mypy (>=0.800)", "pytest", "pytest-asyncio"]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "asttokens"
+version = "3.0.1"
+description = "Annotate AST trees with source code positions"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.8"
+groups = ["dev"]
+files = [
+    {file = "asttokens-3.0.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:15a3ebc0f43c2d0a50eeafea25e19046c68398e487b9f1f5b517f7c0f40f976a"},
+    {file = "asttokens-3.0.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:71a4ee5de0bde6a31d64f6b13f2293ac190344478f081c3d1bccfcf5eacb0cb7"},
+]
+
+[package.extras]
+astroid = ["astroid (>=2,<5)"]
+test = ["astroid (>=2,<5)", "pytest (<9.0)", "pytest-cov", "pytest-xdist"]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "async-timeout"
 version = "4.0.3"
@@ -413,6 +442,105 @@ files = [
     {file = "certifi-2024.7.4-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:c198e21b1289c2ab85ee4e67bb4b4ef3ead0892059901a8d5b622f24a1101e90"},
     {file = "certifi-2024.7.4.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:5a1e7645bc0ec61a09e26c36f6106dd4cf40c6db3a1fb6352b0244e7fb057c7b"},
 ]
+markers = {main = "extra == \"requests\""}
+
+[[package]]
+name = "cffi"
+version = "2.0.0"
+description = "Foreign Function Interface for Python calling C code."
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.9"
+groups = ["dev"]
+markers = "implementation_name == \"pypy\""
+files = [
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+    {file = "cffi-2.0.0-cp310-cp310-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:f73b96c41e3b2adedc34a7356e64c8eb96e03a3782b535e043a986276ce12a49"},
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+    {file = "cffi-2.0.0-cp39-cp39-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:89472c9762729b5ae1ad974b777416bfda4ac5642423fa93bd57a09204712322"},
+    {file = "cffi-2.0.0-cp39-cp39-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:2081580ebb843f759b9f617314a24ed5738c51d2aee65d31e02f6f7a2b97707a"},
+    {file = "cffi-2.0.0-cp39-cp39-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:b882b3df248017dba09d6b16defe9b5c407fe32fc7c65a9c69798e6175601be9"},
+    {file = "cffi-2.0.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:44d1b5909021139fe36001ae048dbdde8214afa20200eda0f64c068cac5d5529"},
+]
+
+[package.dependencies]
+pycparser = {version = "*", markers = "implementation_name != \"PyPy\""}
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cfgv"
@@ -525,6 +653,7 @@ files = [
     {file = "charset_normalizer-3.3.2-cp39-cp39-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:b01b88d45a6fcb69667cd6d2f7a9aeb4bf53760d7fc536bf679ec94fe9f3ff3d"},
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 ]
+markers = {main = "extra == \"requests\""}
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cli-ui"
@@ -572,6 +701,21 @@ files = [
 ]
 markers = {main = "extra == \"flask\" and platform_system == \"Windows\""}
 
+[[package]]
+name = "comm"
+version = "0.2.3"
+description = "Jupyter Python Comm implementation, for usage in ipykernel, xeus-python etc."
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.8"
+groups = ["dev"]
+files = [
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+    {file = "comm-0.2.3.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:2dc8048c10962d55d7ad693be1e7045d891b7ce8d999c97963a5e3e99c055971"},
+]
+
+[package.extras]
+test = ["pytest"]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "coverage"
 version = "7.10.7"
@@ -692,6 +836,58 @@ tomli = {version = "*", optional = true, markers = "python_full_version <= \"3.1
 [package.extras]
 toml = ["tomli ; python_full_version <= \"3.11.0a6\""]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "debugpy"
+version = "1.8.20"
+description = "An implementation of the Debug Adapter Protocol for Python"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.8"
+groups = ["dev"]
+files = [
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+    {file = "debugpy-1.8.20-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_34_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:c1178ae571aff42e61801a38b007af504ec8e05fde1c5c12e5a7efef21009642"},
+    {file = "debugpy-1.8.20-cp310-cp310-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:c29dd9d656c0fbd77906a6e6a82ae4881514aa3294b94c903ff99303e789b4a2"},
+    {file = "debugpy-1.8.20-cp310-cp310-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:3ca85463f63b5dd0aa7aaa933d97cbc47c174896dcae8431695872969f981893"},
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+    {file = "debugpy-1.8.20-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:5be9bed9ae3be00665a06acaa48f8329d2b9632f15fd09f6a9a8c8d9907e54d7"},
+    {file = "debugpy-1.8.20.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:55bc8701714969f1ab89a6d5f2f3d40c36f91b2cbe2f65d98bf8196f6a6a2c33"},
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "decorator"
+version = "5.2.1"
+description = "Decorators for Humans"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.8"
+groups = ["dev"]
+files = [
+    {file = "decorator-5.2.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:d316bb415a2d9e2d2b3abcc4084c6502fc09240e292cd76a76afc106a1c8e04a"},
+    {file = "decorator-5.2.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:65f266143752f734b0a7cc83c46f4618af75b8c5911b00ccb61d0ac9b6da0360"},
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "deptry"
 version = "0.23.1"
@@ -801,6 +997,21 @@ markers = {main = "(extra == \"starlette\" or extra == \"fastapi\") and python_v
 [package.extras]
 test = ["pytest (>=6)"]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "executing"
+version = "2.2.1"
+description = "Get the currently executing AST node of a frame, and other information"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.8"
+groups = ["dev"]
+files = [
+    {file = "executing-2.2.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:760643d3452b4d777d295bb167ccc74c64a81df23fb5e08eff250c425a4b2017"},
+    {file = "executing-2.2.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:3632cc370565f6648cc328b32435bd120a1e4ebb20c77e3fdde9a13cd1e533c4"},
+]
+
+[package.extras]
+tests = ["asttokens (>=2.1.0)", "coverage", "coverage-enable-subprocess", "ipython", "littleutils", "pytest", "rich ; python_version >= \"3.11\""]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "falcon"
 version = "4.2.0"
@@ -1183,6 +1394,7 @@ files = [
     {file = "idna-3.7-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:82fee1fc78add43492d3a1898bfa6d8a904cc97d8427f683ed8e798d07761aa0"},
     {file = "idna-3.7.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:028ff3aadf0609c1fd278d8ea3089299412a7a8b9bd005dd08b9f8285bcb5cfc"},
 ]
+markers = {main = "extra == \"aiohttp\" or extra == \"starlette\" or extra == \"fastapi\" or extra == \"requests\""}
 
 [[package]]
 name = "iniconfig"
@@ -1196,6 +1408,79 @@ files = [
     {file = "iniconfig-2.0.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:2d91e135bf72d31a410b17c16da610a82cb55f6b0477d1a902134b24a455b8b3"},
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "ipykernel"
+version = "7.2.0"
+description = "IPython Kernel for Jupyter"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.10"
+groups = ["dev"]
+files = [
+    {file = "ipykernel-7.2.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:3bbd4420d2b3cc105cbdf3756bfc04500b1e52f090a90716851f3916c62e1661"},
+    {file = "ipykernel-7.2.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:18ed160b6dee2cbb16e5f3575858bc19d8f1fe6046a9a680c708494ce31d909e"},
+]
+
+[package.dependencies]
+appnope = {version = ">=0.1.2", markers = "platform_system == \"Darwin\""}
+comm = ">=0.1.1"
+debugpy = ">=1.6.5"
+ipython = ">=7.23.1"
+jupyter-client = ">=8.8.0"
+jupyter-core = ">=5.1,<6.0.dev0 || >=6.1.dev0"
+matplotlib-inline = ">=0.1"
+nest-asyncio = ">=1.4"
+packaging = ">=22"
+psutil = ">=5.7"
+pyzmq = ">=25"
+tornado = ">=6.4.1"
+traitlets = ">=5.4.0"
+
+[package.extras]
+cov = ["coverage[toml]", "matplotlib", "pytest-cov", "trio"]
+docs = ["intersphinx-registry", "myst-parser", "pydata-sphinx-theme", "sphinx (<8.2.0)", "sphinx-autodoc-typehints", "sphinxcontrib-github-alt", "sphinxcontrib-spelling", "trio"]
+pyqt5 = ["pyqt5"]
+pyside6 = ["pyside6"]
+test = ["flaky", "ipyparallel", "pre-commit", "pytest (>=7.0,<10)", "pytest-asyncio (>=0.23.5)", "pytest-cov", "pytest-timeout"]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ipython"
+version = "8.38.0"
+description = "IPython: Productive Interactive Computing"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.10"
+groups = ["dev"]
+files = [
+    {file = "ipython-8.38.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:750162629d800ac65bb3b543a14e7a74b0e88063eac9b92124d4b2aa3f6d8e86"},
+    {file = "ipython-8.38.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:9cfea8c903ce0867cc2f23199ed8545eb741f3a69420bfcf3743ad1cec856d39"},
+]
+
+[package.dependencies]
+colorama = {version = "*", markers = "sys_platform == \"win32\""}
+decorator = "*"
+exceptiongroup = {version = "*", markers = "python_version < \"3.11\""}
+jedi = ">=0.16"
+matplotlib-inline = "*"
+pexpect = {version = ">4.3", markers = "sys_platform != \"win32\" and sys_platform != \"emscripten\""}
+prompt_toolkit = ">=3.0.41,<3.1.0"
+pygments = ">=2.4.0"
+stack_data = "*"
+traitlets = ">=5.13.0"
+typing_extensions = {version = ">=4.6", markers = "python_version < \"3.12\""}
+
+[package.extras]
+all = ["ipython[black,doc,kernel,matplotlib,nbconvert,nbformat,notebook,parallel,qtconsole]", "ipython[test,test-extra]"]
+black = ["black"]
+doc = ["docrepr", "exceptiongroup", "intersphinx_registry", "ipykernel", "ipython[test]", "matplotlib", "setuptools (>=18.5)", "sphinx (>=1.3)", "sphinx-rtd-theme", "sphinxcontrib-jquery", "tomli ; python_version < \"3.11\"", "typing_extensions"]
+kernel = ["ipykernel"]
+matplotlib = ["matplotlib"]
+nbconvert = ["nbconvert"]
+nbformat = ["nbformat"]
+notebook = ["ipywidgets", "notebook"]
+parallel = ["ipyparallel"]
+qtconsole = ["qtconsole"]
+test = ["packaging", "pickleshare", "pytest", "pytest-asyncio (<0.22)", "testpath"]
+test-extra = ["curio", "ipython[test]", "jupyter_ai", "matplotlib (!=3.2.0)", "nbformat", "numpy (>=1.23)", "pandas", "trio"]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "isodate"
 version = "0.7.2"
@@ -1237,6 +1522,26 @@ files = [
 ]
 markers = {main = "extra == \"flask\""}
 
+[[package]]
+name = "jedi"
+version = "0.19.2"
+description = "An autocompletion tool for Python that can be used for text editors."
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.6"
+groups = ["dev"]
+files = [
+    {file = "jedi-0.19.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:a8ef22bde8490f57fe5c7681a3c83cb58874daf72b4784de3cce5b6ef6edb5b9"},
+    {file = "jedi-0.19.2.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:4770dc3de41bde3966b02eb84fbcf557fb33cce26ad23da12c742fb50ecb11f0"},
+]
+
+[package.dependencies]
+parso = ">=0.8.4,<0.9.0"
+
+[package.extras]
+docs = ["Jinja2 (==2.11.3)", "MarkupSafe (==1.1.1)", "Pygments (==2.8.1)", "alabaster (==0.7.12)", "babel (==2.9.1)", "chardet (==4.0.0)", "commonmark (==0.8.1)", "docutils (==0.17.1)", "future (==0.18.2)", "idna (==2.10)", "imagesize (==1.2.0)", "mock (==1.0.1)", "packaging (==20.9)", "pyparsing (==2.4.7)", "pytz (==2021.1)", "readthedocs-sphinx-ext (==2.1.4)", "recommonmark (==0.5.0)", "requests (==2.25.1)", "six (==1.15.0)", "snowballstemmer (==2.1.0)", "sphinx (==1.8.5)", "sphinx-rtd-theme (==0.4.3)", "sphinxcontrib-serializinghtml (==1.1.4)", "sphinxcontrib-websupport (==1.2.4)", "urllib3 (==1.26.4)"]
+qa = ["flake8 (==5.0.4)", "mypy (==0.971)", "types-setuptools (==67.2.0.1)"]
+testing = ["Django", "attrs", "colorama", "docopt", "pytest (<9.0.0)"]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "jinja2"
 version = "3.1.6"
@@ -1258,14 +1563,14 @@ i18n = ["Babel (>=2.7)"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "jsonschema"
-version = "4.25.1"
+version = "4.24.1"
 description = "An implementation of JSON Schema validation for Python"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.9"
 groups = ["main"]
 files = [
-    {file = "jsonschema-4.25.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:3fba0169e345c7175110351d456342c364814cfcf3b964ba4587f22915230a63"},
-    {file = "jsonschema-4.25.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:e4a9655ce0da0c0b67a085847e00a3a51449e1157f4f75e9fb5aa545e122eb85"},
+    {file = "jsonschema-4.24.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:6b916866aa0b61437785f1277aa2cbd63512e8d4b47151072ef13292049b4627"},
+    {file = "jsonschema-4.24.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:fe45a130cc7f67cd0d67640b4e7e3e2e666919462ae355eda238296eafeb4b5d"},
 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]
@@ -1276,25 +1581,27 @@ rpds-py = ">=0.7.1"
 
 [package.extras]
 format = ["fqdn", "idna", "isoduration", "jsonpointer (>1.13)", "rfc3339-validator", "rfc3987", "uri-template", "webcolors (>=1.11)"]
-format-nongpl = ["fqdn", "idna", "isoduration", "jsonpointer (>1.13)", "rfc3339-validator", "rfc3986-validator (>0.1.0)", "rfc3987-syntax (>=1.1.0)", "uri-template", "webcolors (>=24.6.0)"]
+format-nongpl = ["fqdn", "idna", "isoduration", "jsonpointer (>1.13)", "rfc3339-validator", "rfc3986-validator (>0.1.0)", "uri-template", "webcolors (>=24.6.0)"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "jsonschema-path"
-version = "0.3.4"
+version = "0.4.0b8"
 description = "JSONSchema Spec with object-oriented paths"
 optional = false
-python-versions = "<4.0.0,>=3.8.0"
+python-versions = "<4.0.0,>=3.9.0"
 groups = ["main"]
 files = [
-    {file = "jsonschema_path-0.3.4-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:f502191fdc2b22050f9a81c9237be9d27145b9001c55842bece5e94e382e52f8"},
-    {file = "jsonschema_path-0.3.4.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:8365356039f16cc65fddffafda5f58766e34bebab7d6d105616ab52bc4297001"},
+    {file = "jsonschema_path-0.4.0b8-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:ba4592a4fe6f87c0e7eb4e880037dfdf82e6f5919e273ad98facdfac11fbaee2"},
+    {file = "jsonschema_path-0.4.0b8.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:fd7919687dd6afdb82005a7198d1a7b3e18a1e275ed351b160ba6a86b4054ef7"},
 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]
-pathable = ">=0.4.1,<0.5.0"
+pathable = ">=0.5.0b6,<0.6.0"
 PyYAML = ">=5.1"
 referencing = "<0.37.0"
-requests = ">=2.31.0,<3.0.0"
+
+[package.extras]
+requests = ["requests (>=2.31.0,<3.0.0)"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "jsonschema-specifications"
@@ -1311,6 +1618,50 @@ files = [
 [package.dependencies]
 referencing = ">=0.28.0"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "jupyter-client"
+version = "8.8.0"
+description = "Jupyter protocol implementation and client libraries"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.10"
+groups = ["dev"]
+files = [
+    {file = "jupyter_client-8.8.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:f93a5b99c5e23a507b773d3a1136bd6e16c67883ccdbd9a829b0bbdb98cd7d7a"},
+    {file = "jupyter_client-8.8.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:d556811419a4f2d96c869af34e854e3f059b7cc2d6d01a9cd9c85c267691be3e"},
+]
+
+[package.dependencies]
+jupyter-core = ">=5.1"
+python-dateutil = ">=2.8.2"
+pyzmq = ">=25.0"
+tornado = ">=6.4.1"
+traitlets = ">=5.3"
+
+[package.extras]
+docs = ["ipykernel", "myst-parser", "pydata-sphinx-theme", "sphinx (>=4)", "sphinx-autodoc-typehints", "sphinxcontrib-github-alt", "sphinxcontrib-spelling"]
+orjson = ["orjson"]
+test = ["anyio", "coverage", "ipykernel (>=6.14)", "msgpack", "mypy ; platform_python_implementation != \"PyPy\"", "paramiko ; sys_platform == \"win32\"", "pre-commit", "pytest", "pytest-cov", "pytest-jupyter[client] (>=0.6.2)", "pytest-timeout"]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "jupyter-core"
+version = "5.9.1"
+description = "Jupyter core package. A base package on which Jupyter projects rely."
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.10"
+groups = ["dev"]
+files = [
+    {file = "jupyter_core-5.9.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:ebf87fdc6073d142e114c72c9e29a9d7ca03fad818c5d300ce2adc1fb0743407"},
+    {file = "jupyter_core-5.9.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:4d09aaff303b9566c3ce657f580bd089ff5c91f5f89cf7d8846c3cdf465b5508"},
+]
+
+[package.dependencies]
+platformdirs = ">=2.5"
+traitlets = ">=5.3"
+
+[package.extras]
+docs = ["intersphinx-registry", "myst-parser", "pydata-sphinx-theme", "sphinx-autodoc-typehints", "sphinxcontrib-spelling", "traitlets"]
+test = ["ipykernel", "pre-commit", "pytest (<9)", "pytest-cov", "pytest-timeout"]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "lazy-object-proxy"
 version = "1.9.0"
@@ -1543,6 +1894,24 @@ files = [
     {file = "MarkupSafe-2.1.3.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:af598ed32d6ae86f1b747b82783958b1a4ab8f617b06fe68795c7f026abbdcad"},
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "matplotlib-inline"
+version = "0.2.1"
+description = "Inline Matplotlib backend for Jupyter"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.9"
+groups = ["dev"]
+files = [
+    {file = "matplotlib_inline-0.2.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:d56ce5156ba6085e00a9d54fead6ed29a9c47e215cd1bba2e976ef39f5710a76"},
+    {file = "matplotlib_inline-0.2.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:e1ee949c340d771fc39e241ea75683deb94762c8fa5f2927ec57c83c4dffa9fe"},
+]
+
+[package.dependencies]
+traitlets = "*"
+
+[package.extras]
+test = ["flake8", "nbdime", "nbval", "notebook", "pytest"]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "mccabe"
 version = "0.7.0"
@@ -1964,6 +2333,18 @@ files = [
     {file = "mypy_extensions-1.0.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:75dbf8955dc00442a438fc4d0666508a9a97b6bd41aa2f0ffe9d2f2725af0782"},
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "nest-asyncio"
+version = "1.6.0"
+description = "Patch asyncio to allow nested event loops"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.5"
+groups = ["dev"]
+files = [
+    {file = "nest_asyncio-1.6.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:87af6efd6b5e897c81050477ef65c62e2b2f35d51703cae01aff2905b1852e1c"},
+    {file = "nest_asyncio-1.6.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:6f172d5449aca15afd6c646851f4e31e02c598d553a667e38cafa997cfec55fe"},
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "nodeenv"
 version = "1.8.0"
@@ -1998,21 +2379,21 @@ rfc3339-validator = "*"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "openapi-spec-validator"
-version = "0.7.2"
+version = "0.8.0b3"
 description = "OpenAPI 2.0 (aka Swagger) and OpenAPI 3 spec validator"
 optional = false
-python-versions = "<4.0.0,>=3.8.0"
+python-versions = "<4.0,>=3.9"
 groups = ["main"]
 files = [
-    {file = "openapi_spec_validator-0.7.2-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:4bbdc0894ec85f1d1bea1d6d9c8b2c3c8d7ccaa13577ef40da9c006c9fd0eb60"},
-    {file = "openapi_spec_validator-0.7.2.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:cc029309b5c5dbc7859df0372d55e9d1ff43e96d678b9ba087f7c56fc586f734"},
+    {file = "openapi_spec_validator-0.8.0b3-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:75e0ad2c14eeb70d4e8d39cf87bc93450742dd9ca61226923468ec8e392cfac8"},
+    {file = "openapi_spec_validator-0.8.0b3.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:b8e6921028fc5848b1e717639a131b1315445a0fbf34c44f1d8106d5d65ed08b"},
 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]
-jsonschema = ">=4.18.0,<5.0.0"
-jsonschema-path = ">=0.3.1,<0.4.0"
-lazy-object-proxy = ">=1.7.1,<2.0.0"
-openapi-schema-validator = ">=0.6.0,<0.7.0"
+jsonschema = ">=4.24.0,<4.25.0"
+jsonschema-path = ">=0.4.0b8,<0.5.0"
+lazy-object-proxy = ">=1.7.1,<2.0"
+openapi-schema-validator = ">=0.6.1,<0.7.0"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "packaging"
@@ -2042,16 +2423,32 @@ files = [
 dev = ["pytest", "tox"]
 lint = ["black"]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "parso"
+version = "0.8.6"
+description = "A Python Parser"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.6"
+groups = ["dev"]
+files = [
+    {file = "parso-0.8.6-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:2c549f800b70a5c4952197248825584cb00f033b29c692671d3bf08bf380baff"},
+    {file = "parso-0.8.6.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:2b9a0332696df97d454fa67b81618fd69c35a7b90327cbe6ba5c92d2c68a7bfd"},
+]
+
+[package.extras]
+qa = ["flake8 (==5.0.4)", "types-setuptools (==67.2.0.1)", "zuban (==0.5.1)"]
+testing = ["docopt", "pytest"]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "pathable"
-version = "0.4.3"
+version = "0.5.0b6"
 description = "Object-oriented paths"
 optional = false
-python-versions = ">=3.7.0,<4.0.0"
+python-versions = "<4.0,>=3.9"
 groups = ["main"]
 files = [
-    {file = "pathable-0.4.3-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:cdd7b1f9d7d5c8b8d3315dbf5a86b2596053ae845f056f57d97c0eefff84da14"},
-    {file = "pathable-0.4.3.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:5c869d315be50776cc8a993f3af43e0c60dc01506b399643f919034ebf4cdcab"},
+    {file = "pathable-0.5.0b6-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:c66bafb0e93b790098e580a1c89e042a24148d6541098f18d24ae1fc77e1b335"},
+    {file = "pathable-0.5.0b6.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:a36763b534a213894ddbca01db5b869aca52779e89a193078304fb3706b94404"},
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2066,6 +2463,22 @@ files = [
     {file = "pathspec-0.11.2.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:e0d8d0ac2f12da61956eb2306b69f9469b42f4deb0f3cb6ed47b9cce9996ced3"},
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "pexpect"
+version = "4.9.0"
+description = "Pexpect allows easy control of interactive console applications."
+optional = false
+python-versions = "*"
+groups = ["dev"]
+markers = "sys_platform != \"win32\" and sys_platform != \"emscripten\""
+files = [
+    {file = "pexpect-4.9.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:7236d1e080e4936be2dc3e326cec0af72acf9212a7e1d060210e70a47e253523"},
+    {file = "pexpect-4.9.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:ee7d41123f3c9911050ea2c2dac107568dc43b2d3b0c7557a33212c398ead30f"},
+]
+
+[package.dependencies]
+ptyprocess = ">=0.5"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "platformdirs"
 version = "3.11.0"
@@ -2117,6 +2530,21 @@ nodeenv = ">=0.11.1"
 pyyaml = ">=5.1"
 virtualenv = ">=20.10.0"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "prompt-toolkit"
+version = "3.0.52"
+description = "Library for building powerful interactive command lines in Python"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.8"
+groups = ["dev"]
+files = [
+    {file = "prompt_toolkit-3.0.52-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:9aac639a3bbd33284347de5ad8d68ecc044b91a762dc39b7c21095fcd6a19955"},
+    {file = "prompt_toolkit-3.0.52.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:28cde192929c8e7321de85de1ddbe736f1375148b02f2e17edd840042b1be855"},
+]
+
+[package.dependencies]
+wcwidth = "*"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "propcache"
 version = "0.2.0"
@@ -2226,6 +2654,69 @@ files = [
 ]
 markers = {main = "extra == \"aiohttp\""}
 
+[[package]]
+name = "psutil"
+version = "7.2.2"
+description = "Cross-platform lib for process and system monitoring."
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.6"
+groups = ["dev"]
+files = [
+    {file = "psutil-7.2.2-cp313-cp313t-macosx_10_13_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:2edccc433cbfa046b980b0df0171cd25bcaeb3a68fe9022db0979e7aa74a826b"},
+    {file = "psutil-7.2.2-cp313-cp313t-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:e78c8603dcd9a04c7364f1a3e670cea95d51ee865e4efb3556a3a63adef958ea"},
+    {file = "psutil-7.2.2-cp313-cp313t-manylinux2010_x86_64.manylinux_2_12_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:1a571f2330c966c62aeda00dd24620425d4b0cc86881c89861fbc04549e5dc63"},
+    {file = "psutil-7.2.2-cp313-cp313t-manylinux2014_aarch64.manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux_2_28_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:917e891983ca3c1887b4ef36447b1e0873e70c933afc831c6b6da078ba474312"},
+    {file = "psutil-7.2.2-cp313-cp313t-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:ab486563df44c17f5173621c7b198955bd6b613fb87c71c161f827d3fb149a9b"},
+    {file = "psutil-7.2.2-cp313-cp313t-win_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:ae0aefdd8796a7737eccea863f80f81e468a1e4cf14d926bd9b6f5f2d5f90ca9"},
+    {file = "psutil-7.2.2-cp314-cp314t-macosx_10_15_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:eed63d3b4d62449571547b60578c5b2c4bcccc5387148db46e0c2313dad0ee00"},
+    {file = "psutil-7.2.2-cp314-cp314t-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:7b6d09433a10592ce39b13d7be5a54fbac1d1228ed29abc880fb23df7cb694c9"},
+    {file = "psutil-7.2.2-cp314-cp314t-manylinux2010_x86_64.manylinux_2_12_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:1fa4ecf83bcdf6e6c8f4449aff98eefb5d0604bf88cb883d7da3d8d2d909546a"},
+    {file = "psutil-7.2.2-cp314-cp314t-manylinux2014_aarch64.manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux_2_28_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:e452c464a02e7dc7822a05d25db4cde564444a67e58539a00f929c51eddda0cf"},
+    {file = "psutil-7.2.2-cp314-cp314t-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:c7663d4e37f13e884d13994247449e9f8f574bc4655d509c3b95e9ec9e2b9dc1"},
+    {file = "psutil-7.2.2-cp314-cp314t-win_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:11fe5a4f613759764e79c65cf11ebdf26e33d6dd34336f8a337aa2996d71c841"},
+    {file = "psutil-7.2.2-cp36-abi3-macosx_10_9_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:ed0cace939114f62738d808fdcecd4c869222507e266e574799e9c0faa17d486"},
+    {file = "psutil-7.2.2-cp36-abi3-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:1a7b04c10f32cc88ab39cbf606e117fd74721c831c98a27dc04578deb0c16979"},
+    {file = "psutil-7.2.2-cp36-abi3-manylinux2010_x86_64.manylinux_2_12_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:076a2d2f923fd4821644f5ba89f059523da90dc9014e85f8e45a5774ca5bc6f9"},
+    {file = "psutil-7.2.2-cp36-abi3-manylinux2014_aarch64.manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux_2_28_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:b0726cecd84f9474419d67252add4ac0cd9811b04d61123054b9fb6f57df6e9e"},
+    {file = "psutil-7.2.2-cp36-abi3-musllinux_1_2_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:fd04ef36b4a6d599bbdb225dd1d3f51e00105f6d48a28f006da7f9822f2606d8"},
+    {file = "psutil-7.2.2-cp36-abi3-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:b58fabe35e80b264a4e3bb23e6b96f9e45a3df7fb7eed419ac0e5947c61e47cc"},
+    {file = "psutil-7.2.2-cp37-abi3-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:eb7e81434c8d223ec4a219b5fc1c47d0417b12be7ea866e24fb5ad6e84b3d988"},
+    {file = "psutil-7.2.2-cp37-abi3-win_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:8c233660f575a5a89e6d4cb65d9f938126312bca76d8fe087b947b3a1aaac9ee"},
+    {file = "psutil-7.2.2.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:0746f5f8d406af344fd547f1c8daa5f5c33dbc293bb8d6a16d80b4bb88f59372"},
+]
+
+[package.extras]
+dev = ["abi3audit", "black", "check-manifest", "colorama ; os_name == \"nt\"", "coverage", "packaging", "psleak", "pylint", "pyperf", "pypinfo", "pyreadline3 ; os_name == \"nt\"", "pytest", "pytest-cov", "pytest-instafail", "pytest-xdist", "pywin32 ; os_name == \"nt\" and implementation_name != \"pypy\"", "requests", "rstcheck", "ruff", "setuptools", "sphinx", "sphinx_rtd_theme", "toml-sort", "twine", "validate-pyproject[all]", "virtualenv", "vulture", "wheel", "wheel ; os_name == \"nt\" and implementation_name != \"pypy\"", "wmi ; os_name == \"nt\" and implementation_name != \"pypy\""]
+test = ["psleak", "pytest", "pytest-instafail", "pytest-xdist", "pywin32 ; os_name == \"nt\" and implementation_name != \"pypy\"", "setuptools", "wheel ; os_name == \"nt\" and implementation_name != \"pypy\"", "wmi ; os_name == \"nt\" and implementation_name != \"pypy\""]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ptyprocess"
+version = "0.7.0"
+description = "Run a subprocess in a pseudo terminal"
+optional = false
+python-versions = "*"
+groups = ["dev"]
+markers = "sys_platform != \"win32\" and sys_platform != \"emscripten\""
+files = [
+    {file = "ptyprocess-0.7.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:4b41f3967fce3af57cc7e94b888626c18bf37a083e3651ca8feeb66d492fef35"},
+    {file = "ptyprocess-0.7.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:5c5d0a3b48ceee0b48485e0c26037c0acd7d29765ca3fbb5cb3831d347423220"},
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "pure-eval"
+version = "0.2.3"
+description = "Safely evaluate AST nodes without side effects"
+optional = false
+python-versions = "*"
+groups = ["dev"]
+files = [
+    {file = "pure_eval-0.2.3-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:1db8e35b67b3d218d818ae653e27f06c3aa420901fa7b081ca98cbedc874e0d0"},
+    {file = "pure_eval-0.2.3.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:5f4e983f40564c576c7c8635ae88db5956bb2229d7e9237d03b3c0b0190eaf42"},
+]
+
+[package.extras]
+tests = ["pytest"]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "pycodestyle"
 version = "2.14.0"
@@ -2238,6 +2729,19 @@ files = [
     {file = "pycodestyle-2.14.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:c4b5b517d278089ff9d0abdec919cd97262a3367449ea1c8b49b91529167b783"},
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "pycparser"
+version = "3.0"
+description = "C parser in Python"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.10"
+groups = ["dev"]
+markers = "implementation_name == \"pypy\""
+files = [
+    {file = "pycparser-3.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:b727414169a36b7d524c1c3e31839a521725078d7b2ff038656844266160a992"},
+    {file = "pycparser-3.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:600f49d217304a5902ac3c37e1281c9fe94e4d0489de643a9504c5cdfdfc6b29"},
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "pydantic"
 version = "2.12.5"
@@ -2557,7 +3061,7 @@ version = "2.9.0.post0"
 description = "Extensions to the standard Python datetime module"
 optional = false
 python-versions = "!=3.0.*,!=3.1.*,!=3.2.*,>=2.7"
-groups = ["docs"]
+groups = ["dev", "docs"]
 files = [
     {file = "python-dateutil-2.9.0.post0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:37dd54208da7e1cd875388217d5e00ebd4179249f90fb72437e91a35459a0ad3"},
     {file = "python_dateutil-2.9.0.post0-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:a8b2bc7bffae282281c8140a97d3aa9c14da0b136dfe83f850eea9a5f7470427"},
@@ -2669,6 +3173,111 @@ files = [
 [package.dependencies]
 pyyaml = "*"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "pyzmq"
+version = "27.1.0"
+description = "Python bindings for 0MQ"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.8"
+groups = ["dev"]
+files = [
+    {file = "pyzmq-27.1.0-cp310-cp310-macosx_10_15_universal2.whl", hash = "sha256:508e23ec9bc44c0005c4946ea013d9317ae00ac67778bd47519fdf5a0e930ff4"},
+    {file = "pyzmq-27.1.0-cp310-cp310-manylinux2014_i686.manylinux_2_17_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:507b6f430bdcf0ee48c0d30e734ea89ce5567fd7b8a0f0044a369c176aa44556"},
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+groups = ["main", "dev", "docs"]
 files = [
     {file = "six-1.16.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:8abb2f1d86890a2dfb989f9a77cfcfd3e47c2a354b01111771326f8aa26e0254"},
     {file = "six-1.16.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:1e61c37477a1626458e36f7b1d82aa5c9b094fa4802892072e49de9c60c4c926"},
@@ -2998,6 +3608,26 @@ markers = {main = "extra == \"django\""}
 dev = ["build", "hatch"]
 doc = ["sphinx"]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "stack-data"
+version = "0.6.3"
+description = "Extract data from python stack frames and tracebacks for informative displays"
+optional = false
+python-versions = "*"
+groups = ["dev"]
+files = [
+    {file = "stack_data-0.6.3-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:d5558e0c25a4cb0853cddad3d77da9891a08cb85dd9f9f91b9f8cd66e511e695"},
+    {file = "stack_data-0.6.3.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:836a778de4fec4dcd1dcd89ed8abff8a221f58308462e1c4aa2a3cf30148f0b9"},
+]
+
+[package.dependencies]
+asttokens = ">=2.1.0"
+executing = ">=1.2.0"
+pure-eval = "*"
+
+[package.extras]
+tests = ["cython", "littleutils", "pygments", "pytest", "typeguard"]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "starlette"
 version = "0.49.3"
@@ -3087,6 +3717,44 @@ files = [
     {file = "tomlkit-0.11.8.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:9330fc7faa1db67b541b28e62018c17d20be733177d290a13b24c62d1614e0c3"},
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "tornado"
+version = "6.5.4"
+description = "Tornado is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library, originally developed at FriendFeed."
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.9"
+groups = ["dev"]
+files = [
+    {file = "tornado-6.5.4-cp39-abi3-macosx_10_9_universal2.whl", hash = "sha256:d6241c1a16b1c9e4cc28148b1cda97dd1c6cb4fb7068ac1bedc610768dff0ba9"},
+    {file = "tornado-6.5.4-cp39-abi3-macosx_10_9_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:2d50f63dda1d2cac3ae1fa23d254e16b5e38153758470e9956cbc3d813d40843"},
+    {file = "tornado-6.5.4-cp39-abi3-manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux2014_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:d1cf66105dc6acb5af613c054955b8137e34a03698aa53272dbda4afe252be17"},
+    {file = "tornado-6.5.4-cp39-abi3-manylinux_2_5_i686.manylinux1_i686.manylinux_2_17_i686.manylinux2014_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:50ff0a58b0dc97939d29da29cd624da010e7f804746621c78d14b80238669335"},
+    {file = "tornado-6.5.4-cp39-abi3-manylinux_2_5_x86_64.manylinux1_x86_64.manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:e5fb5e04efa54cf0baabdd10061eb4148e0be137166146fff835745f59ab9f7f"},
+    {file = "tornado-6.5.4-cp39-abi3-musllinux_1_2_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:9c86b1643b33a4cd415f8d0fe53045f913bf07b4a3ef646b735a6a86047dda84"},
+    {file = "tornado-6.5.4-cp39-abi3-musllinux_1_2_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:6eb82872335a53dd063a4f10917b3efd28270b56a33db69009606a0312660a6f"},
+    {file = "tornado-6.5.4-cp39-abi3-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:6076d5dda368c9328ff41ab5d9dd3608e695e8225d1cd0fd1e006f05da3635a8"},
+    {file = "tornado-6.5.4-cp39-abi3-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:1768110f2411d5cd281bac0a090f707223ce77fd110424361092859e089b38d1"},
+    {file = "tornado-6.5.4-cp39-abi3-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:fa07d31e0cd85c60713f2b995da613588aa03e1303d75705dca6af8babc18ddc"},
+    {file = "tornado-6.5.4-cp39-abi3-win_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:053e6e16701eb6cbe641f308f4c1a9541f91b6261991160391bfc342e8a551a1"},
+    {file = "tornado-6.5.4.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:a22fa9047405d03260b483980635f0b041989d8bcc9a313f8fe18b411d84b1d7"},
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "traitlets"
+version = "5.14.3"
+description = "Traitlets Python configuration system"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.8"
+groups = ["dev"]
+files = [
+    {file = "traitlets-5.14.3-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:b74e89e397b1ed28cc831db7aea759ba6640cb3de13090ca145426688ff1ac4f"},
+    {file = "traitlets-5.14.3.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:9ed0579d3502c94b4b3732ac120375cda96f923114522847de4b3bb98b96b6b7"},
+]
+
+[package.extras]
+docs = ["myst-parser", "pydata-sphinx-theme", "sphinx"]
+test = ["argcomplete (>=3.0.3)", "mypy (>=1.7.0)", "pre-commit", "pytest (>=7.0,<8.2)", "pytest-mock", "pytest-mypy-testing"]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "typing-extensions"
 version = "4.15.0"
@@ -3151,6 +3819,7 @@ files = [
     {file = "urllib3-2.6.3-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:bf272323e553dfb2e87d9bfd225ca7b0f467b919d7bbd355436d3fd37cb0acd4"},
     {file = "urllib3-2.6.3.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:1b62b6884944a57dbe321509ab94fd4d3b307075e0c2eae991ac71ee15ad38ed"},
 ]
+markers = {main = "extra == \"requests\""}
 
 [package.extras]
 brotli = ["brotli (>=1.2.0) ; platform_python_implementation == \"CPython\"", "brotlicffi (>=1.2.0.0) ; platform_python_implementation != \"CPython\""]
@@ -3228,6 +3897,18 @@ files = [
 [package.extras]
 watchmedo = ["PyYAML (>=3.10)"]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "wcwidth"
+version = "0.6.0"
+description = "Measures the displayed width of unicode strings in a terminal"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.8"
+groups = ["dev"]
+files = [
+    {file = "wcwidth-0.6.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:1a3a1e510b553315f8e146c54764f4fb6264ffad731b3d78088cdb1478ffbdad"},
+    {file = "wcwidth-0.6.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:cdc4e4262d6ef9a1a57e018384cbeb1208d8abbc64176027e2c2455c81313159"},
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "webob"
 version = "1.8.9"
@@ -3375,4 +4056,4 @@ starlette = ["aioitertools", "starlette"]
 [metadata]
 lock-version = "2.1"
 python-versions = "^3.10.0"
-content-hash = "9bd919ff2e6f35143277209c2fc0957150772e986518cfbdd02fc4e9370c73fa"
+content-hash = "aa13175fae1940246bab807b147919377082cb29baccc5ef8a7a5bbb4f949a3d"
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 971520aa..d7bee55a 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -68,10 +68,10 @@ starlette = {version = ">=0.26.1,<0.50.0", optional = true}
 isodate = "*"
 more-itertools = "*"
 openapi-schema-validator = "^0.6.0"
-openapi-spec-validator = "^0.7.1"
+openapi-spec-validator = {version = "^0.8.0b3", allow-prereleases = true}
 requests = {version = "*", optional = true}
 werkzeug = ">=2.1.0"
-jsonschema-path = "^0.3.4"
+jsonschema-path = {version = "^0.4.0b8", allow-prereleases = true}
 jsonschema = "^4.23.0"
 multidict = {version = "^6.0.4", optional = true}
 aioitertools = {version = ">=0.11,<0.14", optional = true}
@@ -111,6 +111,7 @@ pytest-aiohttp = "^1.1.0"
 pyflakes = "^3.1.0"
 fastapi = ">=0.111,<0.129"
 tbump = "^6.11.0"
+ipykernel = "^7.2.0"
 
 [tool.poetry.group.docs.dependencies]
 mkdocs = "^1.6.1"
diff --git a/tests/integration/conftest.py b/tests/integration/conftest.py
index cea4a154..1f16deb6 100644
--- a/tests/integration/conftest.py
+++ b/tests/integration/conftest.py
@@ -7,8 +7,6 @@
 from openapi_spec_validator.readers import read_from_filename
 from yaml import safe_load
 
-from openapi_core import Spec
-
 
 def content_from_file(spec_file):
     directory = path.abspath(path.dirname(__file__))
@@ -27,16 +25,6 @@ def schema_path_from_url(base_uri):
     return SchemaPath.from_dict(spec_dict, base_uri=base_uri)
 
 
-def spec_from_file(spec_file):
-    schema_path = schema_path_from_file(spec_file)
-    return Spec(schema_path)
-
-
-def spec_from_url(base_uri):
-    schema_path = schema_path_from_url(base_uri)
-    return Spec(schema_path)
-
-
 @pytest.fixture(scope="session")
 def data_gif():
     return b64decode(
@@ -70,14 +58,6 @@ def schema_path_factory():
     )
 
 
-@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
-def spec_factory(schema_path_factory):
-    return Factory(
-        from_file=spec_from_file,
-        from_url=spec_from_url,
-    )
-
-
 @pytest.fixture(scope="session")
 def v30_petstore_content(content_factory):
     content, _ = content_factory.from_file("data/v3.0/petstore.yaml")
diff --git a/tests/integration/schema/test_spec.py b/tests/integration/schema/test_spec.py
index d8191f3e..4d6c75f3 100644
--- a/tests/integration/schema/test_spec.py
+++ b/tests/integration/schema/test_spec.py
@@ -69,13 +69,19 @@ def test_spec(self, schema_path, spec_dict):
             for variable_name, variable in variables.items():
                 variable_spec = server_spec["variables"][variable_name]
                 assert variable["default"] == variable_spec["default"]
-                assert variable["enum"] == variable_spec.get("enum")
+                assert (variable / "enum").read_value() == variable_spec.get(
+                    "enum"
+                )
 
         paths = schema_path / "paths"
         for path_name, path in paths.items():
             path_spec = spec_dict["paths"][path_name]
-            assert path.getkey("summary") == path_spec.get("summary")
-            assert path.getkey("description") == path_spec.get("description")
+            assert (path / "summary").read_str(None) == path_spec.get(
+                "summary"
+            )
+            assert (path / "description").read_str(None) == path_spec.get(
+                "description"
+            )
 
             servers = path.get("servers", [])
             servers_spec = path_spec.get("servers", [])
@@ -89,7 +95,9 @@ def test_spec(self, schema_path, spec_dict):
                 for variable_name, variable in variables.items():
                     variable_spec = server_spec["variables"][variable_name]
                     assert variable["default"] == variable_spec["default"]
-                    assert variable.getkey("enum") == variable_spec.get("enum")
+                    assert (
+                        variable / "enum"
+                    ).read_value() == variable_spec.get("enum")
 
             operations = [
                 "get",
@@ -108,20 +116,22 @@ def test_spec(self, schema_path, spec_dict):
                 operation_spec = path_spec[http_method]
 
                 assert operation["operationId"] is not None
-                assert operation["tags"] == operation_spec["tags"]
+                assert (operation / "tags").read_str_or_list(
+                    None
+                ) == operation_spec["tags"]
                 assert operation["summary"] == operation_spec.get("summary")
-                assert operation.getkey("description") == operation_spec.get(
-                    "description"
-                )
+                assert (operation / "description").read_str(
+                    None
+                ) == operation_spec.get("description")
 
                 ext_docs = operation.get("externalDocs")
                 ext_docs_spec = operation_spec.get("externalDocs")
                 assert bool(ext_docs_spec) == bool(ext_docs)
                 if ext_docs_spec:
                     assert ext_docs["url"] == ext_docs_spec["url"]
-                    assert ext_docs.getkey("description") == ext_docs_spec.get(
-                        "description"
-                    )
+                    assert (ext_docs / "description").read_str(
+                        None
+                    ) == ext_docs_spec.get("description")
 
                 servers = operation.get("servers", [])
                 servers_spec = operation_spec.get("servers", [])
@@ -137,9 +147,9 @@ def test_spec(self, schema_path, spec_dict):
                     for variable_name, variable in variables.items():
                         variable_spec = server_spec["variables"][variable_name]
                         assert variable["default"] == variable_spec["default"]
-                        assert variable.getkey("enum") == variable_spec.get(
-                            "enum"
-                        )
+                        assert (
+                            variable / "enum"
+                        ).read_value() == variable_spec.get("enum")
 
                 security = operation.get("security", [])
                 security_spec = operation_spec.get("security")
@@ -163,7 +173,9 @@ def test_spec(self, schema_path, spec_dict):
 
                     description_spec = response_spec["description"]
 
-                    assert response.getkey("description") == description_spec
+                    assert (response / "description").read_str(
+                        None
+                    ) == description_spec
 
                     headers = response.get("headers", {})
                     for parameter_name, parameter in headers.items():
@@ -182,12 +194,12 @@ def test_spec(self, schema_path, spec_dict):
                             continue
 
                         assert schema["type"] == schema_spec["type"]
-                        assert schema.getkey("format") == schema_spec.get(
-                            "format"
-                        )
-                        assert schema.getkey("required") == schema_spec.get(
-                            "required"
-                        )
+                        assert (schema / "format").read_str(
+                            None
+                        ) == schema_spec.get("format")
+                        assert (schema / "required").read_str(
+                            None
+                        ) == schema_spec.get("required")
 
                         content = parameter.get("content", {})
                         content_spec = parameter_spec.get("content")
@@ -210,12 +222,12 @@ def test_spec(self, schema_path, spec_dict):
                                 continue
 
                             assert schema["type"] == schema_spec["type"]
-                            assert schema.getkey("format") == schema_spec.get(
-                                "format"
-                            )
-                            assert schema.getkey(
-                                "required"
-                            ) == schema_spec.get("required")
+                            assert (schema / "format").read_str(
+                                None
+                            ) == schema_spec.get("format")
+                            assert (
+                                schema / "required"
+                            ).read_bool() == schema_spec.get("required")
 
                     content_spec = response_spec.get("content")
 
@@ -227,7 +239,9 @@ def test_spec(self, schema_path, spec_dict):
                         content_spec = response_spec["content"][mimetype]
 
                         example_spec = content_spec.get("example")
-                        assert media_type.getkey("example") == example_spec
+                        assert (media_type / "example").read_str_or_list(
+                            None
+                        ) == example_spec
 
                         schema = media_type.get("schema")
                         schema_spec = content_spec.get("schema")
@@ -241,9 +255,9 @@ def test_spec(self, schema_path, spec_dict):
                             continue
 
                         assert schema["type"] == schema_spec["type"]
-                        assert schema.getkey("required") == schema_spec.get(
-                            "required"
-                        )
+                        assert (schema / "required").read_bool(
+                            None
+                        ) == schema_spec.get("required")
 
                 request_body = operation.get("requestBody")
                 request_body_spec = operation_spec.get("requestBody")
@@ -253,7 +267,7 @@ def test_spec(self, schema_path, spec_dict):
                     continue
 
                 assert bool(
-                    request_body.getkey("required")
+                    (request_body / "required").read_bool()
                 ) == request_body_spec.get("required")
 
                 content = request_body / "content"
@@ -272,10 +286,12 @@ def test_spec(self, schema_path, spec_dict):
                     assert bool(schema_spec) == bool(schema)
 
                     assert schema["type"] == schema_spec["type"]
-                    assert schema.getkey("format") == schema_spec.get("format")
-                    assert schema.getkey("required") == schema_spec.get(
-                        "required"
-                    )
+                    assert (schema / "format").read_str(
+                        None
+                    ) == schema_spec.get("format")
+                    assert (schema / "required").read_bool(
+                        None
+                    ) == schema_spec.get("required")
 
         components = schema_path.get("components")
         if not components:
@@ -284,8 +300,12 @@ def test_spec(self, schema_path, spec_dict):
         schemas = components.get("schemas", {})
         for schema_name, schema in schemas.items():
             schema_spec = spec_dict["components"]["schemas"][schema_name]
-            assert schema.getkey("readOnly") == schema_spec.get("readOnly")
-            assert schema.getkey("writeOnly") == schema_spec.get("writeOnly")
+            assert (schema / "readOnly").read_bool(None) == schema_spec.get(
+                "readOnly"
+            )
+            assert (schema / "writeOnly").read_bool(None) == schema_spec.get(
+                "writeOnly"
+            )
 
 
 class TestWebhook:
@@ -323,7 +343,7 @@ def test_spec(self, schema_path, spec_dict):
 
         webhooks = schema_path / "webhooks"
         webhooks_spec = spec_dict["webhooks"]
-        assert webhooks["newPet"] == webhooks_spec["newPet"]
+        assert (webhooks / "newPet").read_value() == webhooks_spec["newPet"]
 
         components = schema_path.get("components")
         if not components:
diff --git a/tests/unit/templating/test_paths_finders.py b/tests/unit/templating/test_paths_finders.py
index 63505a48..a864d948 100644
--- a/tests/unit/templating/test_paths_finders.py
+++ b/tests/unit/templating/test_paths_finders.py
@@ -171,9 +171,7 @@ class BaseTestServerNotFound:
     @pytest.fixture
     def servers(self):
         return [
-            SchemaPath.from_dict(
-                {"url": "http://petstore.swagger.io/resource"}
-            )
+            {"url": "http://petstore.swagger.io/resource"},
         ]
 
     def test_raises(self, finder):
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_app.py b/tests/unit/test_app.py
index a98f7a8b..b516fd99 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_app.py
+++ b/tests/unit/test_app.py
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ def test_valid(self, create_file):
         result = OpenAPI.from_path(path)
 
         assert type(result) == OpenAPI
-        assert result.spec.contents() == spec_dict
+        assert result.spec.read_value() == spec_dict
 
 
 class TestOpenAPIFromFilePath:
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ def test_valid(self, create_file):
         result = OpenAPI.from_file_path(file_path)
 
         assert type(result) == OpenAPI
-        assert result.spec.contents() == spec_dict
+        assert result.spec.read_value() == spec_dict
 
 
 class TestOpenAPIFromFile:
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ def test_valid(self, create_file):
             result = OpenAPI.from_file(f)
 
         assert type(result) == OpenAPI
-        assert result.spec.contents() == spec_dict
+        assert result.spec.read_value() == spec_dict
 
 
 class TestOpenAPIFromDict:
@@ -74,4 +74,4 @@ def test_check_skipped(self):
         result = OpenAPI.from_dict(spec_dict, config=config)
 
         assert type(result) == OpenAPI
-        assert result.spec.contents() == spec_dict
+        assert result.spec.read_value() == spec_dict
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_paths_spec.py b/tests/unit/test_paths_spec.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 8167abf3..00000000
--- a/tests/unit/test_paths_spec.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-import pytest
-
-from openapi_core import Spec
-
-
-class TestSpecFromDict:
-    def test_deprecated(self):
-        schema = {}
-
-        with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
-            Spec.from_dict(schema)