Add perfect cube binary search

[CouldNot]

Describe your change:

This pull request adds a new algorithm within the existing perfect_cube.py file, including a doctest. While similar files such as perfect_square.py have added an improved time complexity binary search algorithm, perfect_cube.py lacks another faster algorithm that can be used as an alternative. This PR aims to bring the set of algorithms up to standard (such as perfect_square.py) with a new binary search implementation.

• Add an algorithm?
• Fix a bug or typo in an existing algorithm?
• Documentation change?

Checklist:

• I have read CONTRIBUTING.md.
• This pull request is all my own work -- I have not plagiarized.
• I know that pull requests will not be merged if they fail the automated tests.
• This PR only changes one algorithm file. To ease review, please open separate PRs for separate algorithms.
• All new Python files are placed inside an existing directory.
• All filenames are in all lowercase characters with no spaces or dashes.
• All functions and variable names follow Python naming conventions.
• All function parameters and return values are annotated with Python type hints.
• All functions have doctests that pass the automated testing.
• All new algorithms include at least one URL that points to Wikipedia or another similar explanation.
• If this pull request resolves one or more open issues then the description above includes the issue number(s) with a closing keyword: "Fixes #ISSUE-NUMBER".

[tianyizheng02]

Could you modify your algorithm to support negative numbers? For instance, -27 = (-3)^3

[CouldNot]

Hi, thanks for the reply - I've made the changes, let me know if everything's OK now. To add support for negative perfect cubes to the other non binary search algorithm in the same file, I can open another PR.

[tianyizheng02]

Please add your own TypeError check for invalid inputs like this rather than relying on the built-in error message for <=

[CouldNot]

A TypeError check was added, thanks for the reply.

[tianyizheng02]

=========================== short test summary info ============================
FAILED web_programming/fetch_anime_and_play.py::web_programming.fetch_anime_and_play.search_anime_episode_list
============= 1 failed, 1669 passed, 1 warning in 95.85s (0:01:35) =============

Ugh, not this file again...

[tianyizheng02]

Thanks for your contribution!