gh-128002: add more thread safety tests for asyncio

[kumaraditya303]

• Issue: Audit asyncio thread safety  #128002

[kumaraditya303]

While running tests locally with tsan I get data races in PyException_GetTraceback:

==================
WARNING: ThreadSanitizer: data race (pid=18363)
  Read of size 8 at 0x7fd525db9fc8 by thread T5:
    #0 PyException_GetTraceback Objects/exceptions.c:415 (python+0x18cbce) (BuildId: 96822fb590e3a59ef5f8327d5962e4dff015129c)
    #1 _PyErr_SetObject Python/errors.c:243 (python+0x39a9fb) (BuildId: 96822fb590e3a59ef5f8327d5962e4dff015129c)
    #2 do_raise Python/ceval.c:2077 (python+0x32da17) (BuildId: 96822fb590e3a59ef5f8327d5962e4dff015129c)
    #3 _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault Python/generated_cases.c.h:6897 (python+0x35f385) (BuildId: 96822fb590e3a59ef5f8327d5962e4dff015129c)
    #4 _PyEval_EvalFrame Include/internal/pycore_ceval.h:116 (python+0x3689ea) (BuildId: 96822fb590e3a59ef5f8327d5962e4dff015129c)
    #5 _PyEval_Vector Python/ceval.c:1911 (python+0x368c70) (BuildId: 96822fb590e3a59ef5f8327d5962e4dff015129c)
    #6 _PyFunction_Vectorcall Objects/call.c:413 (python+0x16a4e2) (BuildId: 96822fb590e3a59ef5f8327d5962e4dff015129c)
    #7 _PyObject_VectorcallTstate Include/internal/pycore_call.h:167 (python+0x16ec46) (BuildId: 96822fb590e3a59ef5f8327d5962e4dff015129c)
    #8 method_vectorcall Objects/classobject.c:71 (python+0x16ef66) (BuildId: 96822fb590e3a59ef5f8327d5962e4dff015129c)
    #9 _PyVectorcall_Call Objects/call.c:273 (python+0x16c922) (BuildId: 96822fb590e3a59ef5f8327d5962e4dff015129c)
    #10 _PyObject_Call Objects/call.c:348 (python+0x16cd6c) (BuildId: 96822fb590e3a59ef5f8327d5962e4dff015129c)
    #11 PyObject_Call Objects/call.c:373 (python+0x16cdd0) (BuildId: 96822fb590e3a59ef5f8327d5962e4dff015129c)
    #12 thread_run Modules/_threadmodule.c:346 (python+0x4d3ba3) (BuildId: 96822fb590e3a59ef5f8327d5962e4dff015129c)
    #13 pythread_wrapper Python/thread_pthread.h:242 (python+0x42a887) (BuildId: 96822fb590e3a59ef5f8327d5962e4dff015129c)

marking draft until #128728 is merged along with other fixes for exceptions